Microfracture is a technique to stimulate new cartilage formation. However, the cartilage that grows through this technique is of inferior quality than the native cartilage. This procedure is only suitable under certain circumstances and has its own limitations.

It is performed using a small, pointed instrument to make tiny fractures in the bone beneath the damaged cartilage. This causes the bone to bleed, which in turn stimulates the growth of new cartilage. The new cartilage fills in the damaged area and provides a smooth, cushioned surface for the bones in the knee to glide against each other.

The procedure is typically performed as an outpatient procedure, and patients typically go home the same day. After surgery, the knee is typically immobilized for a period of time to allow for healing and to prevent further injury. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are an important component of recovery after microfracture surgery, and a physical therapist can work with the patient to develop a personalized rehabilitation plan to help them progress and reach their goals.